What Is PVC?

PVC, or Polyvinyl Chloride, is a durable thermoplastic material used in piping, fittings, tanks, and fluid-handling systems. Because it resists corrosion and many chemicals, operators commonly use it in water, wastewater, chemical, and utility applications.

Material Composition

Manufacturers produce PVC from vinyl chloride monomers and often add stabilizers, plasticizers, and other additives to achieve specific performance characteristics. Most industrial piping applications use rigid PVC, which provides strength and dimensional stability without significant flexibility.

Common Applications

Manufacturers and facility operators use PVC in a variety of systems and
components, including:

• Pipe and pipe fittings
• Chemical transfer lines
• Water distribution systems
• Drain, waste, and vent piping
• Storage tanks and tank liners
• Conduit and utility systems

Performance Characteristics

PVC resists corrosion, scale buildup, and many chemicals that can damage metal piping systems. In addition, it weighs significantly less than steel, which simplifies transportation and installation. However, PVC becomes less impact resistant at low temperatures and cannot handle the temperatures and pressures that many metal piping systems can withstand.

Advantages

• Provides excellent corrosion resistance
• Resists many acids, bases, and chemical solutions
• Weighs less than metal alternatives
• Installs easily using solvent cement or mechanical connections
• Requires minimal maintenance

Limitations

• Has lower temperature limits than metal piping materials
• Can become brittle in cold environments
• Provides lower pressure capacity than many steel systems
• Can degrade when exposed to prolonged ultraviolet (UV) radiation without protection

Relevant Specifications

• ASTM D1785: schedules 40, 80, and 120
• ASTM D2466: Schedule 40 fittings
• ASTM D2467: Schedule 80 fittings
• ASTM D2564: solvent cement

Summary

PVC is a corrosion-resistant thermoplastic material commonly used for piping, fittings, tanks, and utility systems. Its chemical resistance, low weight, and ease of installation make it a popular choice for water, wastewater, and many industrial fluid-handling applications.